Hydrology examines the distribution, movement, and properties of water in Earth’s atmosphere, on the surface, and underground. Greenhouse gases both directly and indirectly influence hydrological factors such as abundance, water cycling, and nutrient levels. Measuring properties of water, for example by isotopic signature analysis (e.g. δ¹⁸O and δ¹⁷O), can help unlock a variety of insights such as groundwater’s interaction with minerals, past temperatures, or the presence of microbes. Monitoring techniques include site sampling of water sources, ambient air vapors, or precipitation. 

Explore the Water Isotope Analysis Resource Center